Integrating-wattmeter.



B. E. GBTGHELL & o. o. SMITH. INTEGRATING WATTMETER'. APPLICATION FILEDFEB. 26, 1908.

911,036. K Patented Feb.2,19o9.

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' INTEGRATING WATTMETER.

APPLIUATION FILED FEB. 26, 19GB.

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. B. E. GETGHELL & O. 0. SMITH.

INTEGRATING WATTMETER.

APPLICATION H LBD :13.26.1908.

Peteeted Feb. 2, 1909.

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BENJAMIN E. GETCHELL AND OSCAR O. SMITH, OlF-C'ONNELLSVILLE,PENNSYLVANIA.

INTE GRATINGr-.WAT'IME TER.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN E. Gnron- ELL and OSCAR O. SMITH, citizensof the United States, residing at Connellsville, in the county ofFayette and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful"improvements in Integrating Vattmeters,

v meter can be readily set for any of its rated capacities, which may befive amperes, ten amperes, twenty amperes, and forty amperes or ourapparatus may be built Yfor any multiple thereof; potentialcapacity,-one hundred volts, two hundred volts, and five hundred volts.i

Gur apparatus may be used on both direct current and alternating currentof `any frequency without readjusting calibration.

Errors inqreading dueto a difference in phase between the current in thefield and armature circuits are overcome by means of the apparatushereinafter specifically described. Furthermore, danger of burning outmeter by careless operationisgrendered impossible by aspeciallyconstructed relay. The torque of our meter is onehundredseventy gram millimeters at full load, making it as reliable to hold itsaccuracy as any other .meter known to the prior art.

The meter or apparatus hereinafter described has a range covering fourdifferent current capacities, and three or more different potentialcapacities, both direct and alternatin current of any frequency, andcovers al integrating meters from one ampere to two thousand amperecapacityused y any electrical lighting or power plant.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certainnovel constructions, combination, and arrangements ,of parts, as will behereinafter fully described and claimed. v

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a fragmentary,

vertical, sectional view of a meter or appa-` Specicaton of LettersPatent. Applicatie filed February 26,1908. vserial No. 417,979.

had therein to the accompany-v connected in shunt to the field coils.

vis an inverted, lan view of the bottom of the Patented Feb. 2', 1909-.

ratus constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is adiagram of the current and potential circuits. Fig. 3 is a top plan viewof the meter, showing particularly the dial and switches. Fig. 4 is aview in side elevation, and shownpartly in section, of the relay forpreventing the potential winding from being burned out by carelessoperation.` Fig. 4a is a view of the catch-device, illustrated in Fig.4. Fig. 4b is a fragmentary view of the relay depicted in Fig. 4. Figs.5, 6, and 7 are plan views of the' switches, the terminals of which areconnected to the sections in the fields. Fig. 8 is a plan view of plugconnections similar to the switches depicted in Figs. 5 to 7. Fig. 9 isa fragmentary, sectional view of the supporting-bracket and brushes,which brushes engage the commutator. Fig. 1() is a fragmentary view ofan apparatus, showing particularly the brush-supporting bracket in sideelevation. Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view of the apparatus, showingparticularly the pivot switch for the resistanceiofpotential circuit andfor the adjustable resistance Fig. 12

switch depicted in Fig. 11.

Referring particularly to Fig. l, 14 designates the carrying-case, inwhich the supporting-frame 2 lis ositioned. The frame 2 carriestheelectrica and mechanical devices employed in constructing our meter. Theframe 2 is provided with a horizontal top- ,portion 3 and anintermediate, horizontal 'supporting portion 4 and rests upon a baseportion 5. The pointer 6 indicates fractional parts of revolutions ofthe disk 7, and the auxiliary pointer 8 indicates the total revolutionsof the disk 7. The sectionallywound elds 9 are supported in any suitablemanner, preferably, u on the intermediate -portion 4 and within t eframe or auxiliary designating the tenths and hundredths of revolutionsof disk 7, Fig. 1, see Fig. 3. A pinion 16 is mounted upon thearmatureshaft 17, of which 14 is the upper end, said pinion rotates thegear-wheel 18. The wheel 18 is iiXedly secured to a shaft carrying, atits upper end, the auxiliary pointer 8, so that the pointers 6 and 8will synchronously register. On the armature-shaft 17, there is secureda commutator 19, which is engaged by the brushes 20, Fig. 9. Each brush20 is supported upon a detachable, vertical shaft 21, which is suitablyinsulated, as at 22, from the flat horizontal portion 23 of thebrush-supporting bracket 24. The screws 26 constitute binding-posts forattaching terminals thereto. The retarding and controlling magnets 27are fastened to the base-portion 5 of the frame 2, Fig. 1. The disk 7rotates between the magnets 27 The adjustable jiield-coil 28 is slidablyadjustable upon a Xed, horizontal shaft or extension 29, and saidfield-coil can be iXedly secured in an adjusted position through themedium of set-screw 30; the inner end of the set-screw bein@ adapted toclamp or engage the horizontal bracket or shaft 29. This held-coilcontrols light load speed.

The resistances 66, 67, 68, in the potential circuit are, preferably, ofa capacity of one hundred volts, two hundred volts, and iive hundredvolts, and are arranged inside of the frame 2, and, referably, below thesectional elds 9 and a ove the magnets 27, see Fig. 2 of this structure.

The armature-shaft 17 is journaled in a jewel or bearing 32, at itslower end, and said shaft carries armature 33, which is iXedly securedthereto; the armature 33 being secured between the fields 9.

For the purpose of adjusting the phase of theA current in the seriesiield coils 9 and bringing the same into phase with the current in thearmature circuit on non-inductive load, we provide an adjustablenoninductive resistance 34, to be connected in shunt to said iield coilsand controlled by switch 35.

In Fig. 1, the relay-device 36 is shown attached to the top-portion 37,which, while fitting snug within the case 1, is lifted out of the samewhen the frame 2 is removed. The relay-device 36 will be speciiicallydescribed hereinafter. The top-portion 37 is fastened. to thetop-portion 3 of frame 2, by any suitable fastening means, and saidtop-portion 37 carries the terminals and switches, Fig. 3.

The relay employed for preventing the burning out of potential circuitby careless operation, comprises an iron core 38, magnetized by awinding 39 of low resistance in series with potential circuit. Thearmature 40 is pivoted upon any suitable support, at 41, and fixedlysecured to the armature, at

41, is a metallic arm 42, the outer end of which is bent, preferably, atright-angles and extends downwardly, as at 43, into a receptacle 44.This receptacle 44 is, preferably, constructed of iron, and is providedwith a bottom and sides, and with a partly overhanging top and with adepending hollow extension 45, which prevents the inercury containedtherein from spilling out when the meter is turned over; the verticalend portion 43 of the arm 42 works in the hollow portion 45, and engagesthe mercury in the cup. An adjustable weight 46 is slidably mounted uponthe arm 42, and is secured in its adjusted position by a setscrew. Thisweight 46 is adjusted, so that the armature 40 will not draw up to themagnet 38 on proper potential adjustments, but if a high potential ispassed through the low potential winding, the increased currentstrengthens magnet 38, and. thus, oven comes leverage of counterweight46, and will throw arm 42 upward, breaking the circuit at the mercurycup, and said arln will be hooked or clutched by the spring-catch 47,which spring-catch can be actuated by means ofthe vertically-n'ioval)lepush-button 48, which is provided with a plunger extending through thetop-portion 37. The arm 42, and especially its vertical portion i 3,together with the cup or receptacle 44, is, preferably, constructed ofiron to prevent the action of mercury which takes place on other metals.This entire relay of our iinproved apparatus is constructed, so as tooccupy but very little space, and as before mentioned, is supported fromthe underside of the top-portion 37, and consequently, when thetop-portion 37 and the frame 2 is removed, the relay is also lifted outof the case 1. Tt is to be noted that the spring catch 47 is providedwith a horizontal body portion terminating at one end in an inclined,vertical portion, and at its opposite end in an upwardlybent andhorizontal portion, through which horizontal portion, any suitablefastening means, as for instance, screws 49, pass, for iixedly securingthe end of the catch to the top-portion 37. The hooked portion at thelower end of the vertical portion of the catch will easily ride over thearm 42, and secure the same in its raised position, when the armature isin engagement with the end of the core 38. The wires 50 and 51constitute part of the potential circuit, and upon referring to Fig. 2,it will be seen that the wire 5() leads to the adjustable ield coil 28,and the wire 51 leads to the terminal 52.

l?. eferring particularly to figs. 2 and 3, it is to lie noted th at thecurrent enters at the terminal 53, and passes through the fieldsaccording to the position of the switches shown in Fig. 3. in said TFig.3, there are shown two rows of single-pole knife-switches llO A,n the-row A being pivoted at the alined terminals 54, whereas .the row ofswitches B are pivoted at the alined row of terminals 55. The switchesof row A may only engage the terminals or points 56, which points arearranged in alinement the same as the rows of points or terminals 54V fengaging points or terminals of row 56,

the switchesy of rowA can not be closed, thus making erroneous switchingdiiicult, if not impossible.,r FourA diiierent circuit ca pacities arepossible with thisl combination, as follows: lNe will 'describe theplans in terms of. twenty-live, iifty, yene hundred, and two hundredamperes, although, of course, our invention covers any multiple ofcapacity mentioned. .For a twenty-five ampere capacity, the switchesshould be positioned, as shown yin Fig. 5. This connecting of rows ofterminals 55 and 56, by means of the row of switches B, puts all theJfields 9 in series. kEach of the four sections in each ield 9 hastenturnsof copper wire capable of carrying forty amperes, cut constructedfor twentyeiive amperes. This gives two hundred iii'ty ampere-turns ineach section 9 at full load, -or two thousand. amperefturns in doubleiield of eight sections. Fora 'fifty ampere capacity, vthe switchesshould" be 'placed 1n tne osltion illustrated 1n l 1g. 6, and thus itwilL be seen that two terminals of sections are put in multiple at startby clos'-v 1 ing switcn 59 into one of tne terminals oi row 57, and areiimshed in multiple, after passing through entire field in` multiple, by

kfour terminals of sections are put in multiple at start and nished inmultiple. Thus, turns are reduced to one-iourth, but current being fourtimes as grea t, Vthe ampereturns are still two thousand. For twohundred amperes, all of the sections are in multiple, as in Fig. 3,reducing turnsto oneeighth, but the current is eight times as great,resulting in two thousand ampere turns. As before mentioned, this may beworked out on the same princi le'lor any desired capacity. Adjustment oft e phase ofthe iield current .on alternating current tests: The leads60 and 61 are connected to the adjustable none inductive resistance 34,and the lead 60 of the circuit is connected, at one end to the terminal62, Fig. '2; the terminal 62 is provided with the ivoted switch 35. Thelead 61 is connecte through the resistance, to the terminals 63, andeither one of these terminals 63 may be engaged by the switch 35. Theposition of the switch 35 is determined according to the capacity forwhich the meter is adjusted. inasmuch asno phase adjustment is requiredin direct-current tests, the shunt circuit through the resistance 34 isleft open by placing the switch-arm 35 in the position indicated bypoint 64 in Fig. 3.

The potential winding'is connected to terminals 52 and 52a. From 52 itpasses directly to the relay, hereinbeiore'described, and,thence,"through the medium of the wire y50, to the adjustable shuntheld-coil 28,

which regulates the light-load speed by being adjusted upon thehorizontal bracket 28, tig. 1, relative to the armature 33. From rtheshunt iield-coil 28, it passes to brush 20 on the left-hand side of thecommutator, and then through the commutator 19, passing out at the brush2O on the right-hand side of the commutator, Then the current passesthrough the wire 65 to the common connection 31 of the resistance-coils66, 67, and 68, 2. The resistance is determined by the position of thepivoted switch arm 69, F ig. 3, which is pivoted to the terminal 70, andsaid switch arm 69 may be thrown into contact either with the point 71,which is open, or with the points 66a, 67, 0168a, which have aresistance suitable for one hundred, two hundred, Vor five hundred voltsrespectively, according to circuit upon which the meter is to be used.Each resistance is adjusted, so that upon its voltage, the same amountof `current will pass through the armature.

This results in the armature carrying the same number of am ere-turns atone hundred volts, two hun red volts, or five hundred volts, withresistance adjusted accordingly. V

1n Fig. 8, we have shown a modified Jform of the means for closing theterminals or points 54, 56, 55, and 57, Fig. 3, which cemprises theterminals 56a, and 55a; the plugs 72 being shown in substantially thesame position as the blade switches in Figs. 5 to 7 and Vin Fig. 3 forclosing the circuit at the terminals for obtaining an multiple ofcapacity, asl hereinbe'fore ful y described. 1t will be notedthat wehave disclosed two means for closing the circuit at the terminals of thesections of the ields, whereby the terminals of one section may beelectrically connected with the terminal of another section.

In Fi s. 11 and 12, we have illustrated the termina s of a pivotedswitch suitable for use with the resistance of potential circuit meansof nuts 74.

and with the adjustable non-inductive resistance 34, as provided with apointer or Xed finger 7 3, which is clamped upon the lower end of theterminal or point 70, by

Secured to the underi'ace of the top portion 37 is a depending pin orstud 75, which limits the rotary movement oi the pointer or iinger 73,and prevents the continuous rotation of the switch, thereby obviatingthe possibility of the leadwire from being twisted 0H of the lower endof the terminal 70, as said wire is, preferably, soldered to the endthereof. It is to be noted that we have provided a terminal 70,constituted by the rotatable member, which is provided, at its u perend, with a bifurcated portion, in wliiich the switch 69 is pivotallymounted, and at its lower end with a threaded portion, upon which theclamping nuts -74 are positioned, which nuts fixedly secure the fingeror pointer 74 upon the terminal member 70.

What We claim is:

1. In an electric meter, the combination with an element influenced bythe otential of the system, means for varying` t e resistance of thepotential circuit, means for automatically opening the potential circuitupon a predetermined increase in the potential thereof and means forvarying the limits upon which said automatic action occurs.

2. In an electric meter, the combination with an element iniluenced bythe potential of the system, means for varying the resistance of thepotential circuit, means i'or automatically opening the potentialcircuit upon a predetermined increase in the potential thereof, meansfor varying the limits upon which said automatic opening occurs, andmanual means for restoring the circuit through the otential circuit.

3. In an e ectric meter adapted to operate upon different voltages andhaving a capacity for widely different currents, the comination with.the pressure coil, of an auxiliary pressure coil adjustable withrelation thereto, a variable resistance in circuit with said coils, aseries winding having a plurality of sections, means for connecting saidsections in diiterent relations to vary the current-carrying capacitythereof while maintaining the ampere-turns substantially constant, andvariable means connected in shunt to said series coils for controllingthc phase of the current therein when operating upon alternatingcurrent.

4. In an electric meter adapted to operaie upon alternating currentcircuits having dii'- ferent voltages and diiierent lrcquencies, thecombination with the pressure coil, ol an adjustable resistance incircuit therewith, a scries winding having a plurality o'li leadsconnected to dili'ercnt portions thereof, moans cooperating with thesaid leads lor varying the current-carrying capacity of the winding andmaintaining the ampere turns substantially constant, and means foradjusting the hase of the current in the series coil with rcation to thecurrent in the pressure winding comprising an adjustable resistanceconnected in shunt to said series winding.

5. In an electric meter adapted to operate upon alternating currentcircuits of dill'erent frequencies and adapted to widely dill'erentcurrents, the combination with the pressure coil, of' a variableresistance in circuit therewith, a series winding having a plurality olisections, 'means iior connecting said sections in different relations tovary the current-carrying capacity thereof but maintain the ampereturnssubstantially constant, and means for changing the phase of the currentin the series winding comprising a variable resistance connected inshunt to the series winding.

In testimony whereof we hereunto allix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

' BENJAMIN E. GETCHELL.

OSCAR O. SMITH. Witnesses:

H. A. AssnNAT, HELEN Looms.

